This special research report seeks to contribute to the ongoing debate on the future of the PSC and AU’s peace and security instruments in the context of Africa’s evolving security landscape. It will highlight some of the key emerging security threats in Africa and their implications to the existing AU Peace and Security Architecture. The report will then propose adjustments in tools, approaches, and processes to ensure that the AU/PSC and its security architecture remain relevant and fit for purpose in the face of new and emerging security threat and changing geopolitical dynamics both continentally and globally.